Printer Friendly Version

The use
of curbing and gravel, curbing and earth "scraping," and
grass lawn all within the same area.
According to Terry Jordan in his book "Texas Cemeteries,
A cultural legacy", there is a practice known it the
Southern United States as "scraping" (as in scraping
clean) of either a grave or an entire cemetery.
The first glimpse of such a cemetery truly startles the
unsuspecting visitor. Throughout the burial ground, the
natural grasses and weeds have been laboriously chopped
or “scraped” away, revealing an expanse of read-orange
East Texas soil or somber black prairie earth, sometimes
decorated with raked patterns, At each grave, this dirt
is heaped in an elongated mound, oriented on an
east-west and anchored by a head and foot stone.
In his book, he has a map of all of
the counties in Texas and he has marked all of the known
counties that have entire cemeteries scraped along with
other counties which have an occasional scraped grave.
To quote from his book, "Perhaps no feature of the
southern folk cemetery begs more for interpretation than
the practice of scraping." He states that he interviewed
several individuals when they were "working" the
cemetery. The term "working" is another old term
describing when a group of individuals went to their
cemetery to clean it up. Many cemeteries were "worked"
only once a year at the annual meeting of the
association. Usually this was an all-day affair where
everybody brought food and drinks along with chairs and
tables and worked on the graveyard. Stones were attended
to along with weeds and grass were removed as well as
any fallen branches. At some of the cemetery association
meetings, a preacher also preached to the crowd.
Mr.
Jordan said that most likely, this particular practice
may have its origin in Africa. Near equivalents
to bare earth cemeteries can be found in the traditional
practices of the West African slave coast…I believe the
scraped wrath cemetery is an Africanism and goes
hand-in-hand with the typically southern and African
swept-earth yard surrounding dwellings. Indeed southern
folks typically refer to their cemeteries as ‘yards.’
Grass, in Africa and the South, was an unwelcome
intruder. Respectable people kept it chopped out of
yards, fields, and burial grounds. Some rural Anglos in
Texas even refer to scraping as “plowing.” The Ultimate
African reasons were possibly the danger posed by
grassfires and the proverbial snake in the grass.
Removal of the grass also kept loose livestock from
grazing (and defecating) in yards and cemeteries. Or,
perhaps, scraping came south across Africa to the slave
coast long ago with Islam. In that case, the laborious
scraped Texas graveyards could be an effort to
re-create, in a humid climate, the long-forgotten desert
desolation of the Sahara and Arabia, where Moslem dead
lie beneath the bare sand.
In Nigeria graves
were covered with mud plaster and in the Ashanti
hinterland in Ghana they erected conical mud mounds over
their graves. Many times the dead were buried in the
earthen floor of their house, in the swept-earth yards
or in tilled gardens.
The Spaniards brought to
the New World the practice of establishing a "blessed
field" to establish a special sacredness. Burials could
be in the church floor. Families of wealth and influence
considered church burials as a status symbol.
Camposantos were fine for the poor and converted
Indians, but not for rico. (Terry Gordon book
Texas Graveyards.) It could
He
went on to write that when he interviewed one person at
a cemetery "working," he asked the man exactly why he
was doing this. The man replied, "Grandpaw killed
himself keeping the weeds out of his cotton, and we're
not about to let them grow on his grave now." Mr. Jordan
also noted that some of the Native American groups
practiced scraping, especially the Alabama-Coushatta. On
Mr. Jordan's map, there are four counties all located
along the west bank of the Trinity River where there
isn't any known cemetery that practices the art of
scraping. He also shows a few on the east bank down
river and in Johnson County northwest of here. This may
indicate that the settlers who migrated here came from
certain areas of the eastern seaboard where this habit
of scraping wasn't practiced.
The practice of scraping
graves is dying and some of the old ones are now
partially or wholly covered with grass. |